Bipolar Neuron: The nerve cells that carry information throughout animal bodies are called unipolar, multipolar, and bipolar neurons.
Scientists differentiate between the many types of neurons based on their structure and number of constituent parts. Neurons communicate with the rest of the body and the central nervous system (CNS) via sending chemical and electrical signals.
The most prevalent type of neuron in the human nervous system, multipolar neurons have the greatest capacity to transmit information across cells. The unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons are examined in greater detail in this article.
What Are Bipolar Neurons?
Two separate structures protrude from the cell body of a bipolar neuron. Axons and dendrites are the two types. Bipolar neurons are rare and found exclusively in a few certain parts of the body. These consist of:
- The nerve tissue that runs down the nasal canal and contributes to scent is called the olfactory epithelium.
- The retina is a thin layer of tissue that receives light signals at the rear of the eye.
- specific nerves in the ears
What Is a Neuron?
The nerve cell that sends signals throughout the body using chemical and electrical impulses is known as a neuron. Because Trusted Source neurons have lengthy extensions from the cell body for transmitting and receiving information, the cell structure allows them to do so.
The several parts of the neuron collaborate to enable nerve activity. A neuron is composed of three primary components from trusted sources:
- The cell body, or soma, is the nucleus-containing portion of the cell that regulates its functions.
- Axon, which resembles a long tail, sends signals from the cell.
- Dendrite, signals for the cell are received by this tree-like branch.
- Neurotransmitters, are chemical signals that neurons send to one another across unique connections known as synapses. The ends of dendrites contain these synapses.
There are a variety of neuron types, each with a unique structure. Although some neurons have numerous dendrites, others have none. The categories are:
- neurons that are unipolar
- neurons that are pseudounipolar
- neurons with bipolarity
- neurons that are multipolar
- neurons without axons
What Are Unipolar Neurons?
An axon that extends into dendrites is the only nerve process that originates from the cell body of a unipolar neuron.
Invertebrates, like flies, are the only place where unipolar neurons may be found; they are not found in humans. Unipolar neurons have a function in the glands and muscles of invertebrates.
Pseudounipolar neurons exist in the human body, but there are no unipolar ones. A pseudounipolar neuron is a cell that exclusively functions as a sensory neuron.
The nerve process that originates from the cell body of a pseudounipolar neuron divides into two branches, or axons. The neuron, as a result, possesses two distinct axons that, at their ends, independently split into dendrites. The shape of this neuron is comparable to that of a bipolar cell.
What Are Multipolar Neurons?
The most prevalent kind of neurons in the human body are multipolar neurons. They are found throughout the central nervous system (CNS), which includes the brain and related autonomic nervous system nerves.
The most structures protruding from the cell body are found in multipolar neurons.
There are certain similarities among unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons. All of them have lengthy projections that protrude from the cell body. The primary elements of the cell body, axon, and dendrite are also present in all of them.
Since the neurons are in charge of transmitting information between the brain and the central nervous system, they perform a comparable function even though they are located in different parts of the body.
In the meantime, unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons differ in terms of component quantity and structure. For instance, multipolar neurons have several dendrites originating from the cell body, but unipolar neurons only have dendrites at the terminals of the axon.
Bipolar neurons and pseudounipolar neurons have a structure in which the cell body gives rise to two separate components. Nevertheless, the structures develop separately from the cell body rather than beginning as a single extension that divides in two. The structure of a multipolar neuron is different again, as more than two structures radiate from the cell body.
Summary
Neurons are nerve cells that transfer information around the body, and some types form part of the CNS. The three main types of neurons are unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar. Other forms, including pseudounipolar and anaxonic neurons, also exist.
Three major components make up a neuron. These are the cell body, axons, and dendrites. The arrangement of these components determines the type of neuron.
Their presence in humans is limited, but they play an important role in the ears, nose, and eyes. Multipolar neurons are the most complex and commonly occurring type of neuron within the human body. Each neuron has one axon but multiple dendrites extending from the cell body. Multipolar neurons occur throughout the CNS.
